Resonancia magnética en las demencias / Magnetic resonance imaging in dementia

Objetivo: describir los hallazgos de imagen clave en los estudios de RM estructural de las demencias de origen neurodegenerativo más frecuentes: enfermedad de Alzheimer, demencia vascular, demencia de cuerpos de Lewy, variantes de la demencia frontotemporal, parálisis supranuclear progresiva, variantes de la atrofia multisistémica, parkinson-demencia y degeneración corticobasal. Conclusión: El papel de la resonancia magnética hoy en día ya no está limitado a excluir causas subyacentes de deterioro cognitivo, sino que puede mostrar patrones de atrofia y otros datos con un alto valor predictivo para determinadas demencias que, aunque no son específicos ni únicos de cada patología, pueden ayudar a confirmar una sospecha diagnóstica o a identificar inicios tempranos de determinados procesos. Por ello es importante que los radiólogos conozcan los hallazgos típicos de las demencias más frecuentes

Objective: To describe and illustrate the key findings on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the most common dementias of neurodegenerative origin: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, variants of frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, variants of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. Conclusion: Today the role of MRI is no longer limited to ruling out underlying causes of cognitive deterioration. MRI can show patterns of atrophy with a predictive value for certain dementias which, although not specific or unique to each disease, can help to confirm diagnostic suspicion or to identify certain processes. For this reason, it is important for radiologists to know the characteristic findings of the most common dementias

Magnetic resonance imaging in dementia. / Resonancia magnética en las demencias.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and illustrate the key findings on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the most common dementias of neurodegenerative origin: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, variants of frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, variants of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. CONCLUSION: Today the role of MRI is no longer limited to ruling out underlying causes of cognitive deterioration. MRI can show patterns of atrophy with a predictive value for certain dementias which, although not specific or unique to each disease, can help to confirm diagnostic suspicion or to identify certain processes. For this reason, it is important for radiologists to know the characteristic findings of the most common dementias.

Complex partial status epilepticus of extratemporal origin in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging findings from a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) of neocortical temporo-parieto-occipital origin. The patient experienced complex visual hallucinations that initially were attributed to treatment with corticosteroids; however, an electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated the epileptic aetiology of her symptoms. CPSE should be considered as a possible cause of altered mental status in lupus. An urgent EEG is essential to make an accurate diagnosis.

[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in vascular by-passes]. / Angioplastia transluminal percutánea en "by-pass" vasculares.

Results from 21 cases of percutaneous transluminal angioplasties as a treatment of stenosed vascular by-pass from 16 patients, are presented. The technique took place in 10 cases at the aorto-femoral area, in others 10 cases at the popliteal-femoral area and, in the last one, at the carotid-subclavian area. Preliminary results were successful in all cases (100%). Follow-up showed a better long-term results at the aorto-femoral level. Considering the satisfactory results and also considering that, in case of negative results or re-stenosis, other surgical techniques could be performed, we conclude that the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be the first treatment for such of injuries.

[Aneurysm of the renal artery in youngsters: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. / Aneurismas de la arteria renal en jóvenes: presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica.

The case of a young man with an aneurysm of the renal artery, causing vasculorenal hypertension, and surgically treated, is presented. The present concepts of incidence, etiology, renal aneurysm-hypertension association, surgical indications and rupture risk, are exposed.